At least 1.8 billion people globally use a source of drinking water that is fecally contaminated and more than 80 per cent of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removal.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals establish that universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water shall be granted for all by 2030.
That is an enormous challenge especially in rural and remote regions of developing countries where drinking water supply is inadequate and remarkably scarce.
Schools, children's homes and even hospitals often do not have reliable access to clean water.
Additionally, treating sewage is often expensive and difficult in developing countries.
Therefore the population is dependent on the use of contaminated sources such as lakes, rivers or polluted wells often causing chronic and very severe water-related diseases.
Contaminated water is also a frequent cause of infant death in developing countries. The crucial role of access to clean water in accomplishing the needed socio-economic development goals is widely recognized.